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Physician Salary by Specialty in 2026: The Complete Compensation Guide

AH
Ava Health Editorial
··9 min read

Physician Salary by Specialty in 2026

Physician compensation in 2026 spans a wider range than any other healthcare profession, from family medicine physicians earning $235,000-$270,000 to interventional cardiology subspecialists exceeding $700,000. Understanding what drives these gaps, how compensation is structured, and what benchmarks look like across specialties is critical for any physician evaluating a career change, negotiating a contract, or planning a relocation.

All figures below represent total cash compensation (base + wRVU productivity + bonuses) for employed physicians. Private practice and ownership paths have wider ranges.

Physician Salary by Specialty: Comprehensive Table

SpecialtyAvg Annual CompensationRange (10th-90th pct)
Neurosurgery$780,000-$870,000$520K-$1.2M+
Orthopedic Surgery$695,000-$780,000$480K-$1.05M
Interventional Cardiology$695,000-$775,000$480K-$1.0M
Cardiovascular Surgery (CT Surgery)$680,000-$760,000$465K-$980K
Radiation Oncology$545,000-$625,000$380K-$820K
Gastroenterology$530,000-$610,000$360K-$790K
Dermatology$455,000-$535,000$305K-$720K
Ophthalmology$430,000-$510,000$285K-$695K
Anesthesiology (MD)$430,000-$510,000$315K-$680K
Radiology (Diagnostic)$425,000-$500,000$295K-$660K
Urology$420,000-$498,000$290K-$648K
ENT (Otolaryngology)$398,000-$470,000$272K-$612K
Plastic Surgery$395,000-$475,000$268K-$680K
General Surgery$375,000-$450,000$262K-$595K
Oncology (Medical)$365,000-$440,000$252K-$578K
Ob/Gyn$320,000-$390,000$228K-$510K
Pulmonology / Critical Care$320,000-$388,000$225K-$498K
Nephrology$310,000-$378,000$220K-$488K
Infectious Disease$262,000-$318,000$195K-$402K
Rheumatology$268,000-$325,000$200K-$415K
Hospitalist (Hospital Medicine)$278,000-$325,000$238K-$420K
Internal Medicine (outpatient)$248,000-$290,000$215K-$368K
Pediatrics$232,000-$275,000$198K-$352K
Psychiatry$275,000-$330,000$215K-$438K
Family Medicine (outpatient)$235,000-$278,000$208K-$358K

What Drives the Specialty Salary Gap?

The difference between a family medicine physician at $250,000 and a neurosurgeon at $820,000 comes down to several factors:

wRVU value per service: Medicare and commercial payers assign work RVUs to physician services. Neurosurgical procedures carry very high wRVU values (a complex spine surgery may generate 30-60 wRVUs); an office visit generates 1.5-3.5 wRVUs. Proceduralists are structurally rewarded by the fee-for-service model.

Training length and opportunity cost: Neurosurgery requires 7+ years of residency + fellowship; family medicine requires 3 years. The additional training years represent delayed income and career investment that competitive compensation partially offsets.

Supply and demand: Procedural specialties have fewer training slots per year, keeping supply constrained. Primary care has more graduates but still faces undersupply in many markets.

Geographic distribution: Primary care physicians can practice in any market; subspecialists typically concentrate in metro areas near academic centers, creating geographic pay variation.

Compensation Structure: What to Understand Before You Sign

Physician employment contracts have several compensation components beyond base salary:

  • Base salary: Guaranteed annual amount, often set at MGMA 50th-60th percentile for the specialty
  • wRVU productivity bonus: Additional pay for production above a threshold; rate is $/wRVU above floor (often MGMA 50th-55th percentile production)
  • Quality/value-based incentives: 5-20% of base salary contingent on patient satisfaction, readmission rates, preventive care metrics, or cost efficiency targets
  • Sign-on bonus: Common for sought-after specialists; $25,000-$100,000+ depending on specialty and market
  • Loan repayment: Many hospital employment contracts offer $10,000-$50,000/year in loan repayment for primary care and high-need specialties

Physician Salaries in Florida

Florida physician compensation runs close to national averages in most specialties, with the no-state-income-tax advantage representing a meaningful effective pay increase at all income levels. On a $280,000 FM physician salary, no state income tax saves $14,000 annually vs. a 5% state income tax; on a $500,000 specialist salary, the savings reach $25,000-$37,500 annually. Health systems throughout Florida, particularly in high-growth markets like Southwest Florida, Tampa Bay, and Central Florida, are actively recruiting across primary care and specialty physician roles with competitive packages that leverage the Florida tax advantage as a differentiator.

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